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The IRS adds a 10% tax on the taxable part of IRA and 401(k) withdrawals before 59½, on top of income tax, and 25% from a SIMPLE IRA in the first 2 years. The 23 exceptions differ by account: separation at 55 is plans only, the $10,000 first home is IRAs only.

The IRS caps a 401(k) loan at the lesser of 50% of the vested balance or $50,000, and a plan may allow up to $10,000 when 50% is less. Repayment is within 5 years, at least quarterly.

A traditional IRA or 401(k) requires a minimum withdrawal each year from age 73. The first is due by 1 April of the following year and later ones by 31 December; a shortfall draws a 25% excise tax, 10% if corrected within 2 years. Roth IRAs have no lifetime requirement.

We opened five IRS pages to pin down the 2026 numbers — and found two of them contradicting each other.

On $80,000 in California filing single, $2,371 lands every two weeks. Here is each of the four layers.

The employer match is an instant 100% return. 2026 limit $24,500, Traditional vs Roth, rollovers.