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Years make the pension, and back payment fills missing ones up to 119 months. Workplace and private pensions open at 55, the National Pension at 65, and the same record pays 70% five years early or 136% five years deferred. 45 guides in the order you meet them.

Under Korean Income Tax Act Art. 146(2), retirement income paid into a pension account within 60 days is not taxed until drawn other than as a pension, and tax already withheld can be refunded. Drawn as a pension, the rate is 70%, 60% or 50% of the lump-sum rate.

Article 9 of Korea's Employee Retirement Benefit Security Act requires severance to be paid within 14 days by transfer to the IRP account the worker names, or to an IRP in their name. Leaving after 55, small amounts, death, foreign workers departing and deductions under other laws are exceptions.

Income Tax Decree Article 40-2 treats withdrawals as pension receipt if you apply after 55, 5 years after opening, within the limit. The limit is value ÷ (11 − pension year) × 120%: 12 million won in year 1 on a 100 million won account.

The same 9m won lands differently by where it went, and short of tax the rest simply disappears.

The common line that an IRP needs “six months of treatment plus 12.5% of wages” does not match the text. The 12.5% test belongs to DC plans; the general IRP article carries no such threshold. Articles 2, 14 and 18 of the Decree, side by side.

Everyone explains how to save into a pension. Almost nobody explains how to take it out — where tax varies threefold.

Does the company invest it, or do you? Plus how IRP fits in.